4^th International Conference and Exhibition on Lung & Respiratory Care August 01-02, 2016 Manchester, UK

COPD is a disease that involves inflammation and thickening of the airways. It also involves destruction of the tissue of the lung where oxygen is exchanged. It is described by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease as “a preventable and treatable disease…characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. This progressive and relentless loss of lung function is caused by emphysema due to destruction of lung parenchyma. Smoking (long term smokers), Chronic bronchitis, Inherited factors (genes) and by narrowing of small airways as a result of chronic inflammation and fibrosis and loss of elastic recoil. This results in progressive airflow limitation, air trapping, and progressive shortness of breath on exertion. 

Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco and inhaling the smoke (consisting of particle and gaseous phases). (A more broad definition may include simply taking tobacco smoke into the mouth, and then releasing it, as is done by some with tobacco pipes and cigars. Small cell lung cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the lung. There are two main types of small cell lung cancer. Smoking increases the risk of small cell lung cancer. Signs and symptoms of small cell lung cancer include coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Non-small cell lung cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the lung. There are several types of non-small cell lung cancer. Smoking increases the risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Drugs for Tuberculosis with tuberculosis, you must take antibiotics for at least six to nine months. The exact drugs and length of treatment depend on your age, overall health, possible drug resistance, the form of TB (latent or active) and the infection's location in the body.

Asthma is a disease affecting the airways that carry air to and from your lungs. People who suffer from this chronic condition (long-lasting or recurrent) are said to be asthmatic. The inside walls of an asthmatic's airways are swollen or inflamed. This swelling or inflammation makes the airways extremely sensitive to irritations and increases your susceptibility to an allergic reaction. As inflammation causes the airways to become narrower, less air can pass through them, both to and from the lungs. Symptoms of the narrowing include wheezing (a hissing sound while breathing), chest tightness, breathing problems, and coughing. Asthmatics usually experience these symptoms most frequently during the night and the early morning.

Major Respiratory Disorders include asthma, which will cause a condition where the airways are persistently inflamed, and may occasionally spasm, causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Allergies, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Lung conditions defined by an inability to exhale normally, which causes difficulty breathing. Emphysema: Lung damage allows air to be trapped in the lungs in this form of COPD. Difficulty blowing air out is its hallmark. Cystic fibrosis: A genetic condition causing poor clearance of mucus from the bronchi. The accumulated mucus results in repeated lung infections. Acute bronchitis: A sudden infection of the airways, usually by a virus. Sleep problems also related to Respiratory disorder.

Respiratory Tract and Associated Defense Mechanisms Airway" redirects here. For an aerial route taken by airplanes, see Airway (aviation). For other uses, see Airway (disambiguation) in humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy involved with the process of respiration. Breathing is a process of getting oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs.  Respiration is a process of acquiring energy from the breakdown of glucose in living cells. Alveolar Sacs are tiny ducts that connect the respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs, each of which contains a collection of alveoli (small mucus-lined pouches made of flattened epithelial cells).

Pulmonary vascular disease is a category of disorders. All affect the blood circulation in the lungs. A pulmonary embolism happens when the blood flow through the lung's artery is blocked suddenly. This is caused by a blood clot that traveled from somewhere else in the body—usually a leg or the pelvis—and has not broken up in the blood stream. Symptoms included difficulty breathing, chest pain, fainting and a rapid heart rate. A pulmonary embolism can damage the heart, and if not treated immediately, can cause death. Pulmonary embolisms can be prevented through drugs that break up blood clots before they reach the lung, physical activity, compression socks that improve blood circulation in the legs, and pneumatic compression (a massage or compression of the legs through use of an electronic cuff).

X-Ray and Echocardiogram are advanced techniques to diagnose and identify lung cancer. Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) is another test to detect lung cancer symptoms. This is a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity Thoracoscopy may be performed either under general anesthesia or under sedation with local anesthetic. Surgical biopsy was the standard way to diagnose lung cancer. Wearing appropriate masks and monitoring exposure to irritants in certain work environments (for example, mining and jobs that involve working with asbestos or metal dusts) are important precautions to take. COPD follows a progressive course causing death either from respiratory failure or complications from its associated diseases, which include coronary artery disease, lung cancer, and stroke, smoking cessation (colloquially quitting smoking) is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking. Tobacco contains nicotine, which is addictive, making the process of quitting often very prolonged and difficult we can control through vaccination and prevention cure.

Around one in thirteen women and one in fourteen men suffer from respiratory problems at some point in their lives. There are over thirty different types of lung disease which range from tuberculosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to lung cancer and pneumonia. The truth is much research is still needed to understand lung disease - and its causes - fully. But there are certain steps every woman can take to help reduce their chances of developing the illness

Innate immunity is a primordial system that has a primary role in lung antimicrobial defenses. Recent advances in understanding the recognition systems by which cells of the innate immune system recognize and respond to microbial products have revolutionized the understanding of host defenses in the lungs and other tissues. The innate immune system includes lung leukocytes and also epithelial cells lining the alveolar surface and the conducting airways. The innate immune system drives adaptive immunity in the lungs and has important interactions with other systems, including apoptosis pathways and signaling pathways induced by mechanical stretch. Human diversity in innate immune responses could explain some of the variability seen in the responses of patients to bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in the lungs. New strategies to modify innate immune responses could be useful in limiting the adverse consequences of some inflammatory reactions in the lungs.

In a respiratory exam, the doctor focuses on the patient’s breathing. Breath sounds in the lungs are checked for fluid and inflammation. The doctor may peer into the nose and check the throat. If caught early, over-the-counter medications can help alleviate symptoms while the virus runs its course. However, if the infection is advanced, an X-ray or CT scan (computed tomography) may be needed to check the condition of the lungs. Lung function tests have shown to be useful as diagnostic tools and for prognosis purposes. Pulse oximetry, also known as pulse ox, may be used to check how much oxygen gets into the lungs. A physician may also need a sputum (material coughed up from the lungs) sample to check for the type of virus causing the disease.

Respiratory system does, delivering air to the lungs, bringing oxygen into the body, and expelling the carbon dioxide back into the air. Understanding the structure and intricacies of the respiratory system is vital to human anatomy of respiratory organ. The respiratory system is made up of more than just the lungs; it also includes your nose, throat, larynx, windpipe, bronchi, alveolar ducts, and respiratory membrane. Bronchi and alveolus are the major parts of respiratory system.